Is Gambling Illegal in Canada? A Comprehensive Overview

Gambling in Canada is a multifaceted topic that often raises questions about its legality and regulation. The short answer is that gambling is legal in Canada, but the specifics can vary significantly depending on the type of gambling and the province in which it occurs. The Criminal Code of Canada provides a broad framework for gambling laws, but each province has the authority to regulate its own gambling activities, leading to a diverse landscape across the country.

Understanding Canada’s Gambling Laws

At the federal level, the Criminal Code of Canada outlines the legal framework for gambling, allowing provinces to manage specific forms such as casinos, lotteries, and online gaming. This decentralized approach means that residents in different provinces may have varying access to gambling activities and differing rules governing those activities. Understanding these laws is crucial for anyone looking to participate in gambling, whether in a local casino, through a provincial lottery, or via online platforms.

Provincial Gambling Regulations in Canada

Alberta

In Alberta, gambling is regulated by the Alberta Gaming, Liquor, and Cannabis (AGLC) authority. The province boasts several land-based casinos, primarily in larger cities like Calgary and Edmonton. Many of these casinos are linked to charitable organizations, with a portion of their revenue supporting community programs. Alberta also features First Nations casinos, operated in partnership with the AGLC.

Online gambling is available through PlayAlberta, the province’s only government-regulated platform, offering casino games, sports betting, and lottery products. While many Albertans opt for offshore sites, no laws prevent residents from using internationally licensed platforms. Sports betting includes parlay betting through Sport Select, and horse racing remains popular at venues like Century Downs.

British Columbia

British Columbia offers a wide array of gambling options regulated by the British Columbia Lottery Corporation (BCLC). The province features several land-based casinos, especially in Vancouver, providing a mix of slot machines, table games, and live entertainment.

Online gambling is managed exclusively through PlayNow, a government-run platform that offers casino games, sports betting, and lottery products. Like Alberta, residents can also access offshore sites. Sports betting includes parlay bets and, more recently, single-event betting. The province operates lotteries and has several racetracks for horse racing enthusiasts.

Manitoba

In Manitoba, gambling is overseen by the Liquor, Gaming, and Cannabis Authority and Manitoba Liquor and Lotteries. The province has several land-based casinos, mainly in Winnipeg, and First Nations casinos that contribute to local communities.

Online gambling is available through PlayNow, which offers casino games and limited sports betting options. Residents can also access offshore sites. Sports betting includes parlay-style betting via Sport Select, and horse racing is popular at Assiniboia Downs.

New Brunswick

New Brunswick regulates gambling through the New Brunswick Lotteries and Gaming Corporation, supported by the Atlantic Lottery Corporation (ALC). The province has one major land-based casino, Casino New Brunswick, offering various gaming options.

Currently, there is no government-run online gambling platform, but residents can access international sites. Sports betting is available through ALC’s Pro-Line, allowing parlay-style bets, while lotteries include draw games and instant-win options.

Newfoundland and Labrador

Newfoundland and Labrador has limited gambling options, with no land-based casinos permitted. The province does not operate a government-run online gambling platform, but residents can access international sites.

Sports betting is available through ALC’s Pro-Line service, allowing parlay bets. Lottery games are popular, and horse racing options are minimal, with only a few occasional races.

Northwest Territories

In the Northwest Territories, gambling is limited due to the region’s sparse population. There are no land-based casinos, and online gambling is not regulated locally, but residents can access international sites.

Sports betting is available through Sport Select, but only parlay-style bets are permitted. Lottery games include draw tickets and instant-win options, but horse racing is not offered.

Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia is regulated by the Nova Scotia Gaming Corporation (NSGC), offering two government-operated casinos. Online gambling does not have a dedicated platform, but residents can access international sites.

Sports betting is managed by the ALC, allowing parlay bets, while lotteries are widespread. Horse racing is available at several racetracks, providing additional options for enthusiasts.

Ontario

Ontario leads Canada in gambling variety, regulated by the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario (AGCO) and iGaming Ontario. The province has over 25 land-based casinos and a fully regulated online gambling market, allowing residents to access online casino games, poker, and single-event sports betting.

Sports betting includes both single-event and parlay betting, making it the most comprehensive option in Canada. The Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation (OLG) operates numerous lottery games, and horse racing is a long-standing tradition in the province.

Prince Edward Island

In Prince Edward Island, gambling is regulated by the Prince Edward Island Lotteries Commission. The province has one casino, Red Shores Racetrack & Casino, which combines casino gaming with horse racing.

There is no government-run online gambling platform, but residents can access international sites. Sports betting is available through ALC’s Pro-Line, and lotteries are widely accessible.

Quebec

Quebec has a robust gambling market regulated by Loto-Quebec and the Régie des alcools, des courses et des jeux (RACJ). The province is home to nine land-based casinos and offers online gambling through Espacejeux.

Sports betting is available through Mise-O-Jeu, allowing single-event and parlay betting. Lottery games are managed by Loto-Quebec, and horse racing enthusiasts can visit Hippodrome 3R.

Saskatchewan

In Saskatchewan, gambling is regulated by the Saskatchewan Liquor and Gaming Authority (SLGA). The province has eight land-based casinos, primarily First Nations-operated.

Currently, there is no government-run online gambling platform, but a partnership aims to launch PlayNow in 2024. Sports betting is limited to multi-event parlay bets, and lottery games are provided by the Western Canada Lottery Corporation.

Yukon Territory

In Yukon Territory, gambling is limited, with no permanent land-based casinos. Diamond Tooth Gertie’s Gambling Hall operates seasonally, offering a unique gaming experience.

There is no government-operated online gambling platform, but residents can access international sites. Sports betting is available through Sport Select, and lottery games are accessible through WCLC.

The Evolution of Gambling in Canada

Gambling in Canada has evolved significantly over the years. Initially, most forms of gambling were illegal under the Criminal Code of Canada enacted in 1892. However, reforms began in the 1960s, leading to the legalization of lotteries in 1969 and the establishment of provincial lottery corporations.

A major shift occurred in 1985 when provinces gained authority over gambling regulations, allowing them to operate casinos and lotteries. This decentralized approach has led to the diverse gambling landscape seen today, with Ontario recently launching a regulated online gambling market in 2022.

FAQ

1. How can I find if gambling is legal in my province?

To determine the legality of gambling in your province, consult the provincial regulatory body for gambling laws. Each province manages its own regulations, so refer to sites like the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario (AGCO) or British Columbia Lottery Corporation (BCLC) for specific guidelines.

2. Are lotteries considered legal gambling in Canada?

Yes, lotteries are a legal form of gambling in Canada. Managed by provincial lottery corporations, games like Lotto Max and Lotto 6/49 are available nationwide, ensuring fairness and compliance with responsible gaming standards.

3. What is the legal gambling age in Canada?

The legal gambling age in Canada varies by province, generally set at either 18 or 19. For example, Alberta allows gambling at 18, while Ontario and British Columbia require players to be 19 or older for casinos and lotteries.

4. What are the penalties for illegal gambling in Canada?

Penalties for illegal gambling in Canada can include fines and possible imprisonment, depending on the severity of the offense. Operating an unlicensed gambling business is prohibited under the Criminal Code of Canada, with enforcement managed at both federal and provincial levels.

About the Author

Daniel Smyth has seen the online poker, casino, and betting industry from every angle. He previously played poker semi-professionally before working at WPT Magazine as a writer and editor. From there, he transitioned to online gaming, where he’s been producing expert content for over 10 years. Follow Daniel on Twitter @DanSmythThePoet.

Remember to Gamble Responsibly

A responsible gambler is someone who:

Establishes time and monetary limits before playing
Only gambles with money they can afford to lose
Never chases their losses
Doesn’t gamble if they’re upset, angry, or depressed

For help with a gambling problem, call the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health at 1-800-463-2338.